encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work (6); whereas the provisions of the latter are therefore fully applicable to the use by workers of display screen equipment, without prejudice to more stringent and/or specific provisions contained in the present Directive;
Whereas employers are obliged to keep themselves informed of the latest advances in technology and scientific findings concerning workstation design so that they can make any changes necessary so as to be able to guarantee a better level of protection of workers' safety and health;
Whereas the ergonomic aspects are of particular importance for a workstation with display screen equipment;
Whereas this Directive is a practical contribution towards creating the social dimension of the internal market;
Whereas, pursuant to Decision 74/325/EEC (7), the Advisory Committee on Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work shall be consulted by the Commission on the drawing-up of proposals in this field,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

SECTION I
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1
Subject

• 1. This Directive, which is the fifth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC, lays down minimum safety and health requirements for work with display screen equipment as defined in Article 2.
  
• 2. The provisions of Directive 89/391/EEC are fully applicable to the whole field referred to in paragraph 1, without prejudice to more stringent and/or specific provisions contained in the present Directive.
• 3. This Directive shall not apply to:
  (a) drivers' cabs or control cabs for vehicles or machinery;
  (b)
  computer systems on board a means of transport;
  (c)
  computer systems mainly intended for public use;
  (d)
  'portable' systems not in prolonged use at a workstation;
  (e)
  calculators, cash registers and any equipment having a small data or measurement display required for direct use of the equipment;
  (f)
  typewriters of traditional design, of the type known as 'typewriter with window'.

Article 2
Definitions

For the purpose of this Directive, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
(a) display screen equipment: an alphanumeric or graphic display screen, regardless of the display process employed;
(b)
workstation: an assembly comprising display screen equipment, which may be provided with a keyboard or input device and/or software determining the operator/machine interface, optional accessories, peripherals including the diskette drive, telephone, modem, printer, document holder, work chair and work desk or work surface, and the immediate work environment;
(c)
worker: any worker as defined in Article 3 (a) of Directive 89/391/EEC who habitually uses display screen equipment as a significant part of his normal work.

SECTION II
EMPLOYERS' OBLIGATIONS

Article 3
Analysis of workstations

• 1. Employers shall be obliged to perform an analysis of workstations in order to evaluate the safety and health conditions to which they give rise for their workers, particularly as regards possible risks to eyesight, physical problems and problems of mental stress.
  
• 2. Emyployers shall take appropriate measures to remedy the risks found, on the basis of the evaluation referred to in paragraph 1, taking account of the additional and/or combined effects of the risks so found.

Article 4
Workstations put into service for the first time

Employers must take the appropriate steps to ensure that workstations first put into service after 31 December 1992 meet the minimum requirements laid down in the Annex.

Article 5
Workstations already put into service

Employers must take the appropriate steps to ensure that workstations already put into service on or before 31 December 1992 are adapted to comply with the minimum requirements laid down in the Annex not later than four years after that date.

Article 6
Information for, and training of, workers

• 1. Without prejudice to Article 10 of Directive 89/391/EEC, workers shall receive information on all aspects of safety and health relating to their workstation, in particular information on such measures applicable to workstations as are implemented under Articles 3, 7 and 9.
  In all cases, workers or their representatives shall be informed of any health and safety measure taken in compliance with this Directive.
  
• 2. Without prejudice to Article 12 of Directive 89/391/EEC, every worker shall also receive training in use of the workstation before commencing this type of work and whenever the organization of the workstation is substantially modified.

Article 7
Daily work routine

The employer must plan the worker's activities in such a way that daily work on a display screen is periodically interrupted by breaks or changes of activity reducing the workload at the display screen.

Article 8
Worker consultation and participation

Consultation and participation of workers and/or their representatives shall take place in accordance with Article 11 of Directive 89/391/EEC on the matters covered by this Directive, including its Annex.

Article 9
Protection of workers' eyes and eyesight

• 1. Workers shall be entitled to an appropriate eye and eyesight test carried out by a person with the necessary capabilities:
  - before commencing display screen work,
  - at regular intervals thereafter, and
  - if they experience visual difficulties which may be due to display screen work.
  
• 2. Workers shall be entitled to an ophthalmological examination if the results of the test referred to in paragraph 1 show that this is necessary.
  
• 3. If the results of the test referred to in paragraph 1 or of the examination referred to in paragraph 2 show that it is necessary and if normal corrective appliances cannot be used, workers must be provided with special corrective appliances appropriate for the work concerned.
  
• 4. Measures taken pursuant to this Article may in no circumstances involve workes in additional financial cost.
  
• 5. Protection of workers' eyes and eyesight may be provided as part of a national health system.

SECTION III
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Article 10
Adaptations to the Annex

The strictly technical adaptations to the Annex to take account of technical progress, developments in international regulations and specifications and knowledge in the field of
display screen equipment shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 17 of Directive 89/391/EEC.

Article 11
Final provisions

• 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 31 December 1992.
  They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
  
• 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt, or have already adopted, in the field covered by this Directive.
  
• 3. Member States shall report to the Commission every four years on the practical implementation of the provisions of this Directive, indicating the points of view of employers and workers.
  The Commission shall inform the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Advisory Committee on Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work.
  
• 4. The Commission shall submit a report on the implementation of this Directive at regular intervals to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee, taking into account paragraphs 1, 2
  and 3.

Article 12
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 29 May 1990.
For the Council
The President
B. AHERN